Title:
  Atomoxetine for Treating ADHD Symptoms in Autism: A Systematic Review  
  Authors:
  Ghanizadeh, A  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):635-640; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: This study systematically reviews the current literature on
  the administration of atomoxetine for treating children and adolescents
  with comorbidity on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD. Method:
  PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar databases were electronically searched
  to find the published trials on atomoxetine and ASD. Results: Six
  articles reported the clinical trials of atomoxetine for treatment of
  ADHD symptoms in patients with autism or pervasive development
  disorders. Only one study that was placebo-controlled crossover pilot
  trial reported that it is effective. Atomoxetine may be effective in
  high-functioning patients with autism or patients with low severity.
  Those with high severity of ASD may be more vulnerable to the adverse
  effects of atomoxetine. Conclusion: There are not enough controlled
  clinical trials for showing the efficacy of atomoxetine for treatment of
  ADHD symptoms in autism. Although evidence suggests potential efficacy
  of atomoxetine, the current evidences are not conclusive.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 641-654 (Article)
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  Title:
  Brain Cortical Thickness in ADHD: Age, Sex, and Clinical Correlations  
  Authors:
  Montes, LGA; Alcantara, HP; Garcia, RBM; De La Torre, LB; Acosta, DA;
  Duarte, MG  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):641-654; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have
  shown reduced cortical thickness (CT) in individuals with ADHD, but this
  abnormality disappears with age, suggesting developmental delay.
  However, cross-sectional MRI studies have shown reduced CT, suggesting
  abnormal development. The aim of this study was to compare whole-brain
  CT in male and female children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD with
  whole-brain CT in matched control participants. Method: MRI scans were
  performed on ADHD and control participants. Results: CT data revealed
  differences in right hemisphere (RH) only. Reduced CT was observed
  predominantly in the frontoparietal region. However, increased CT was
  observed predominantly in the occipital lobe. The CT differences were
  correlated with severity of ADHD. Analysis of sex differences revealed
  that location, number, and magnitude of CT differences were different
  between males and females in each age group. Conclusion: These data
  support the hypothesis that anatomical abnormalities in ADHD represent
  abnormal development rather than developmental delay.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 655-659 (Article)
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  Title:
  Adolescent Outcome of Child ADHD in Primary Care Setting: Stability of Diagnosis  
  Authors:
  Srebnicki, T; Kolakowski, A; Wolanczyk, T  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):655-659; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the functioning of
  patients with ADHD 6 to 7 years after the diagnosis. One objective was
  to determine the stability of diagnosis, symptoms decline, subtype
  change, remission, and change of diagnosis. Method: In all, 101
  participants were chosen for testing. All were interviewed for the
  presence of ADHD and social, academic, and peer functioning, and
  completed Youth Self-Report. The caregivers completed a Wender Utah
  Rating Scale and Child Behavior Checklist, and were asked to assess the
  social, academic, and peer functioning of their offspring. Results: A
  total of 56% (n = 57) still met the criteria for ADHD and 24.7% (n = 25)
  still met the criteria for hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). Subtype
  migration was observed. In all, 7.7% (n = 14) were rediagnosed with
  Asperger's syndrome, 2.2% (n = 4) received a diagnosis of bipolar
  disorder, 2.2% (n = 4) were diagnosed with mental retardation, 1 with
  schizophrenia, and 1 with genetic disorder. Conclusion: The reliability
  of diagnosis was high. The rates of all subtypes of ADHD decreased. More
  measures need to be taken in terms of differential diagnosis of ADHD and
  Asperger's Syndrome.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 660-669 (Article)
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  Title:
  Prediction of ADHD to Anxiety Disorders: An 11-Year National Insurance Data Analysis in Taiwan  
  Authors:
  Tai, YM; Gau, CS; Gau, SSF; Chiu, HW  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):660-669; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: To prospectively investigate prediction of ADHD to anxiety
  disorders (ANXs) in a national sample of Taiwan. Method: From the Taiwan
  National Health Insurance Dataset (1997-2007), we collected 2,385 cases
  of new diagnoses of ADHD from 1999 to 2003 and 9,540 sex-, age- and
  index dates of the first diagnosis of ADHD-matched cohort controls
  without ADHD. The outcome is age of the first diagnosis of ANXs until
  December 31, 2007. Results: More cases of ADHD (17.7%) developed ANXs
  than did matched controls (1.9%) with a younger age onset (12.7 years
  vs. 17.9 years) and a shorter survival time (1.4 years vs. 5.0 years).
  Cox models revealed a significant prediction of ADHD to ANXs controlling
  for other psychiatric comorbidities [Hazard ratio (HR) = 15.83]. The
  magnitude of such association was greater in males and decreased with
  older age of first ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion: The findings imply that
  early detection and treatment for ADHD may offset later development of
  ANXs.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 670-680 (Article)
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  Title:
  The Direct Effects of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity on Peer Problems and Mediating Roles of Prosocial and Conduct Problem Behaviors in a Community Sample of Children  
  Authors:
  Andrade, BF; Tannock, R  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):670-680; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: This study tested whether children's symptoms of inattention
  and hyperactivity/impulsivity were associated with peer problems and
  whether these associations were mediated by conduct problems and
  prosocial behaviors. Method: A community sample of 500 children,
  including 245 boys and 255 girls, who ranged in age from 6 to 9 years (M
  = 7.6, SD = 0.91) were recruited. Teachers' report of children's
  inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct problems, prosocial
  behaviors, and peer problems was collected. Results: Symptoms of
  inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were significantly positively
  associated with peer problems. Conduct problems were associated with
  more peer problems and prosocial behaviors with less peer problems.
  Conduct problems and prosocial behaviors partially mediated the
  association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and peer problems and
  fully mediated the inattention-peer problems association. Conclusion:
  Findings show that prosocial behaviors and conduct problems are
  important variables that account for some of the negative impact of
  symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity on peer
  functioning.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 681-689 (Article)
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  Title:
  Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Among Young Adolescents With ADHD: Relations to Mental Health, Academic, and Social Functioning  
  Authors:
  Becker, SP; Langberg, JM  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):681-689; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: This study investigated the role of sluggish cognitive tempo
  (SCT) in relation to externalizing and internalizing mental health
  problems, academic functioning, and social functioning among young
  adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  Method: In all, 57 youth ages 10 to 14 participated in the study.
  Parents rated SCT, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms, as well as
  social and academic impairment. Teachers rated academic and peer
  impairment, and intelligence and academic achievement also were
  assessed. Results: Above and beyond ADHD and conduct problem symptoms,
  SCT was associated with internalizing mental health symptoms and social
  problems. The association between SCT and externalizing problems or
  academic functioning was not significant when accounting for ADHD
  symptomatology and intelligence. Conclusion: SCT is consistently
  associated with internalizing symptoms and is also associated with young
  adolescents' general social difficulties. When controlling for important
  related constructs, SCT is not associated with externalizing symptoms or
  academic impairment among young adolescents with ADHD.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 690-698 (Article)
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  Title:
  German Validation of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self-Report: Confirmation of Factor Structure in a Large Sample of Participants With ADHD  
  Authors:
  Christiansen, H; Hirsch, O; Philipsen, A; Oades, RD; Matthies, S;
  Hebebrand, J; Ueckermann, J; Abdel-Hamid, M; Kraemer, M; Wiltfang, J;
  Graf, E; Colla, M; Sobanski, E; Alm, B; Rosler, M; Jacob, C; Jans, T;
  Huss, M; Schimmelmann, BG; Kis, B  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):690-698; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: The Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) assess symptoms
  specific to adults that are frequently used and have been translated
  into German. The current study tests the factor structure of the CAARS
  in a large sample of German adults with ADHD and compares the means of
  the CAARS subscales with those of healthy German controls. Method: CAARS
  were completed by 466 participants with ADHD and 851 healthy control
  participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish model
  fit with the American original. Comparisons between participants with
  ADHD and healthy controls and influences of gender, age, and degree of
  education were analyzed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed a
  very good fit with the model for the American original. Differences
  between ADHD participants and healthy controls on all Conners Adult ADHD
  Rating Scales-Self-Report (CAARS-S) subscales were substantial and
  significant. Conclusion: The factor structure of the original American
  model was successfully replicated in this sample of adult German ADHD
  participants.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 699-710 (Article)
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  Title:
  Comparison of Mother, Father, and Teacher Reports of ADHD Core Symptoms in a Sample of Child Psychiatric Outpatients  
  Authors:
  Sollie, H; Larsson, B; Morch, WT  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):699-710; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: To explore the significance of adding father ratings to
  mother and teacher ratings in the assessment of ADHD symptoms in
  children. Method: The ADHD Rating Scale-IV, the Child Behavior
  Checklist, and the Teacher Report Form were filled out by all three
  informants for a sample of 48 clinically referred children (79% boys)
  aged 6 to 15 (M = 10.1) years. Results: Correspondence between father
  and teacher reports on ADHD-specific symptoms (intraclass correlation
  coefficient [ICC] = .38) exceeded that between mothers and teachers (ICC
  = .23). Fathers rated their children as having fewer problems than did
  mothers and teachers on Total scale scores and the Inattention subscale
  of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Mother ratings were more sensitive to an
  ADHD diagnosis, whereas father ratings better predicted an ADHD
  diagnosis requiring the two-setting criterion. Conclusion: The choice of
  parent informant and informant combination had a considerable impact on
  parent-teacher concordance and estimates of ADHD symptoms and subtypes
  in the child.  
  ========================================================================    
  *Pages: 711-721 (Article)
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  Title:
  Training Executive, Attention, and Motor Skills: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Preschool Children With ADHD  
  Authors:
  Halperin, JM; Marks, DJ; Bedard, ACV; Chacko, A; Curchack, JT; Yoon, CA;
  Healey, DM  
  Source:
  *JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS*, 17 (8):711-721; NOV 2013  
  Abstract:
  Objective: To examine whether cognitive enhancement can be delivered
  through play to preschoolers with ADHD and whether it would affect
  severity of ADHD symptoms. Method: Twenty-nine 4- and 5-year-old
  children and their parents participated in separate group sessions (3-5
  children/group). Child groups were introduced games designed to enhance
  inhibitory control, working memory, attention, visuospatial abilities,
  planning, and motor skills. Parent groups were encouraged playing these
  games with their children at least 30 to 45 min/day and taught
  strategies for scaffolding difficulty levels and dealing with obstacles
  to daily playing. Results: Parent ratings and session attendance
  indicated considerable satisfaction with the program. Parent (p < .001)
  and teacher (p = .003) ratings on the ADHD-Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV)
  indicated significant improvement in ADHD severity from pre- to
  post-treatment, which persisted 3 months later. Conclusion: This
  play-based intervention for preschoolers with ADHD is readily
  implemented at home. Preliminary evidence suggests efficacy beyond the
  termination of active treatment.  
  ========================================================================
-- 
*************************************************************
Kevin S. McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist
  Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics (IAP)
  Purpose, Passion & Serendipity
**************************************************************