Stroke patients and metronome training

I just ran across an article (actually based on an email tip via the mental timing grapevine) for a 2002 article by Thaut et al. in Neuropsychologia that supports the use of synchronized metronome tapping (SMT) methods to improve motor coordination in patients with strokes.

In the article, the authors goal was to "investigate the effect of rhythm on the control of paretic arm movements in stroke patients." The basis for this intervention was prior research that had suggested that:

• "a rhythmic model of rehabilitative motor training, has shown significant improvements in gait function of stroke patients. In this model, rhythm functions as a sensory cue to induce temporal stability and enhance the temporal organization of motor control in the nervous system by translating the temporal structure of movement patterns into temporally isomorphic auditory rhythmic patterns to entrain the movement in question. Similar models have been successfully used in high-performance motor skill learning in sports and music."

In a sample of 21 hemispheric stroke patients, the researchers found that:

• "the observed changes in timing and trajectory control strongly suggest that the structured time information in auditory rhythm added significant kinematic stability to the patient’s paretic arm reaching motions. These changes were not present during the non-rhythmic condition...Our data suggest, therefore, that auditory rhythm may offer an essential component of enhanced sensorimotor control to make hemiparetic arm training more effective."

The results of this study provide indirect support for the use of the Interactive Metronome SMT-based program in stroke patients with motor control impairment. (click here for other IM-related prior posts on this blog). Of course, all of this makes sense in the context of the extant research literature on temporal processing and the IQ Brain Clock (click here to enter the wonderful world of the IQ Brain Clock EWOK)

Click here for IM-related conflict of interest statement.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, rehabilitation, strokes, motor function, metronome, Interactive Metronome, rhythmicity, neuroscience, neuropsychology, stroke rehab, speech and language

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"Time Doc "presents on "IQ Brain Clock" in Chicago

Warning. This is self-serving plug :)

I, the IQ Brain Clock blogmaster, just agreed to provide the keynote presentation at the Interactive Metronome Professional 2007 Conference in Chicago (Sept 28-30; click here for registration link).The title of the presentation is:


The Brain Clock: An Overview of Contemporary Research & Theory Regarding the Neuroscience of Brain-based Interval Timing and Its Relevance to Learning and Rehabilitation. (click here for overview of complete program flyer)

[click here for conflict of interest disclosure]

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, school psychology, brain clock, mental timing, interval timing, learning, temporal processing, time perception, brain

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Research bytes - Wearden mental timing scholar pubs again, and again, and...

John Weardon, one of the listed "mental timing scholars" at the IQ Brain Clock (see right hand column of blog), together with some of his colleagues, has been busy pumping out more theoretical mental timing research. Be forewarned, these are not-so-easy to read research articles. Check out the following recent "in press" pubs. Emphasis and/or any links below provided by blogmaster.

• "In press" Journal of Experimental Child Psychology article that concludes that "judgments of the similarity of two successive durations separated by a retention interval, the retention of the first duration in short-term memory reduces temporal accuracy."
• "In press" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (QJEP) that supports the major characteristics/assumptions of Scalar Expectancy Timing Theory (SET), which is the primary theoretical foundation of the pacemaker-accumulator model of mental timing.
• Another "in press" article in QJEP that demonstrates that it is possible to experimentally "slow down" the internal brain clock. Why would one want to slow down the clock, when speeding up the mental brain clock is associated with better cognitive functioning? According to the authors, demonstrating that it is possible to slow down the internal clock can help with our understanding how people maintain time via their internal clock. That is...it can help us better understand the phenomena of mental timing.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, mental timing, time perception, scalar theory, pacemaker accumulator, brain clock, temporal processing, temporal awareness, brain clock

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Brain drugs - free on-line text book

Kudos to Mind Hacks for locating the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology free on-line text book on Neuropsychopharmacology.


Technorati Tags: psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neuropsychopharmacology, brain, drugs, book, medications

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Best of the brain

Thanks to Mind Hacks for the FYI tip regarding the recent publication - Best of the Brain from Scientific American


Technorati Tags: psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, educaitonal psychology, school psychology, Scientific American, brain

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Random tidbits from mind blogosphere 7-3-07

• Thanks to the Brain Injury blog for the tip re: the availability (on-line) of the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center video - Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury
  

• The 12th Edition of the Brain Blogging brain carnival is now available for review. Speaking of brain carnivals, the 26th issue of Encephalon is also now ready for viewing
• Interesting post over on Positive Technology Journal on journal article dealing with virtual reality as a leisure activity for individuals with disabilities.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, intelligence, cognition, brain injury, TBI, virutal reality, brain carnivals

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Brain fitness movement gets star face

Thanks to Mind Hacks for the FYI/link to a post announcing that a media star (Nicole Kidman) is now a spokesperson for one of Ninetendo's brain fitness products. Clearly the "tipping point" on brain fitness going mainstream has occurred (or has been recently passed).

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurotechnology, brain fitness, intelligence, IQ, cognition

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Wearable technology

Thanks to the Intelligent Machines blog for the FYI post re: "ten wearable technologies that can help a human resemble a cyborg machine." Interesting stuff

Technorati Tags: psychology, neuroscience, neurotechnology, cyborgs

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More on ADHD and poor internal mental clock

Another research study (Rommelse et al., 2007) suggesting a deficit in the internal brain clock may be associated with (diagnostic marker?) ADHD in children (click here for prior post). In particular, the ability to reproduce time intervals (time reproduction tasks) was found to be related to a potential diagnosis of ADHD in young children.

Once again...another study linking various mental functions and clinical disorders and the functioning of the internal brain clock...tick, tock, tick, tock......

• Objective: Time reproduction is deficient in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether this deficit is familial and could therefore serve as a candidate endophenotype has not been previously investigated. It is unknown whether timing deficits are also measurable in adolescent children with ADHD and nonaffected siblings. Method: These issues were investigated in 226 children with ADHD, 188 nonaffected siblings, and 162 normal controls ages 5 to 19. Children participated in a visual and auditory time reproduction task. They reproduced interval lengths of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 seconds. Results: Children with ADHD and their nonaffected siblings were less precise than controls, particularly when task difficulty was systematically increased. Time reproduction skills were familial. Time reproduction deficits were more pronounced in younger children with ADHD than in older children. Children with ADHD could be clearly dissociated from control children until the age of 9. After this age, group differences were somewhat attenuated, but were still present. Differences between nonaffected siblings and controls were constant across the age range studied. Deficits were unaffected by modality. Conclusions: Time reproduction may serve as a candidate endophenotype for ADHD, predominantly in younger children with (a genetic risk for) ADHD.
  
  

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, school psychology, special education.learning disabilities, neuropsychology, neuroscience, ADHD, ADD, Barkley, interval timing, mental clock, master time clock, brain clock, reading disability, cognitive, cognition, intelligence, IQ, temporal processing, time judgements, time perception


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Rhythm and reading research- I've got rhthym....I've got....

Another study suggesting a link between an aspect of mental-time keeping (rhythm perception and production; also click here for related bibliography) and reading achievement. Although a small study (n=53), longitudinal research by David et al. (2007), reported in the Journal of Research in Reading, continues to suggest a link between reading ability and the cognitive abilities governed by an underlying brain clock.

Abstract

• Rhythm production in 53 children in grade 1 was investigated as a predictor of reading ability in the same children in grades 1–5. This paper reports the results of correlations and hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for shared variance between phonological awareness and naming speed. Rhythm was correlated significantly with both phonological awareness and naming speed. Rhythm predicted significant variance in reading ability at each grade level. Once phonological awareness was controlled, however, rhythm was a significant predictor only in grade 5. When naming speed was controlled, rhythm predicted unique variance in reading ability in grades 2, 3 and 5. Implications for the relationship between rhythm and the development of reading skills are discussed.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, education, neuropsychology, reading, rhythm, IQ brain clock, temporal processing, mental time keeping, school psychology, music

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Encephalon # 25 brain carnival

Encephalon #25 has been posted.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognition, brain, Encephalon, brain carnival

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Brain Blogging # 11brain carnival

The 11th edition of the Brain Blogging brain carnival is now available.

Auditory timing/processing malleability

It is no secret that I love skimming the brief contemporary research synthesis articles published in Current Directions in Psychological Science.

Today I ran across an interesting review (Kraus and Banai, 2007) touching on the malleability/training of auditory processing (Ga) abilities, and, of particular interest to this blog, research touching on auditory timing (mediated by the brainstem) was covered. The article reinforces my belief that brain-based auditory temporal processing timing training interventions may hold promise in education.

Check it out.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, auditory, auditory processing, training, interventions, malleability, temporal processing, mental timing, intelligence, brain clock

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Musican vs non-musician beat tapping research study

More empirical research by Repp (2007) on rhythm perception and production (check out currently posted information on this branch at IQ Brain Clock EWOK) in another musician vs non-musician beat tapping article (this time to a slow beat). Check it out.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, music, rhythm, mental time keeping, interval timing, brain clock


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Random tidbits from the mind blogosphere 6-8-07

• Check out the DI blog's "blogging on the brain" post for a number of interesting links to posts regarding (a) fun brain training games, (b) tonal similarities between music and language, (c) genetic differences between speakers of tonal and non-tonal languages, (d) the role of Bayesian networks in motor control, (e) new genetic risk factor for Alzheimers, (f) the potential educational implications of neuroscience, (g) the role of executive function and math.....plus many more interesting tidbits. The DI blog rocks!
• Thanks to Mind Hacks for the "know blood; know the brain" post - a post directing readers some of the key scientific papers on brain scanning and blood flow.
• Learn about "multiple cognitive maps" via a Mouse Trap post
• Though provoking post at Neuroethics and Law Blog re: "the seductive allure of Neuroscience"
• Intelligent Machines has a post re: the maturation of speech recognition technology
  

Technorati Tags: psychology, neuropsychology, educational psychology, school psychology, neuroscience, genetics, music, language, brain, speech, neurotechnology


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New motor learning research from MIT

I just stumbled across a new blog (Perusing Psychology) that had an interesting post re: a new MIT study that presents a new way at looking at motor learning.





Technorati Tags: psychology, MIT, motor learning, educational psychology, neuropsychology

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Dyslexia and temporal processing - IQ Brain Clock EWOK updated

Finally something more significant and substantive to report. Part of the reason for my sporadic posting has been my efforts to update the Tick Tock Talk: IQ Brain Clock EWOK (Evolving Web of Knowledge).

I've been very intrigued with the research literature suggesting a link between temporal processing and severe reading disorders (dyslexia). As I dug around, I found a relatively large body of contemporary research that has suggested, and has investigated, a possible causal link between auditory temporal processing mental timing mechanisms and dyslexia. I pulled this literature together and have added it as a new branch on the IQ Brain Clock EWOK. Below are links to the new stuff :

• Visit the complete clickable map. The new material is under the "Group differences and clinical disorders" main branch" - first click on the Dyslexia notes icon for a brief intro. The click on the "References, abstracts and articles" notes icon for the gold mine of material.

• Use the following links if you want to go directly the the introductory Dyslexia introductory notes, followed by the References, abstracts and articles notes.

The meat of the new material is in the References, abstract and articles branch. When you open the this branches notes you will find a listing of key research references. For most of the articles I was able to locate a copy of the article abstract, which I also included. And, for the frosting on the cake, for most articles I was able to locate pdf copies of the actual articles. You can view and read these articles by clicking on the "(click here)" hyperlink included directly after the reference citation.

Enjoy.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, school psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscince, special education, learning disabilities, dyslexia, temporal processing, mental time keeping, IQ Brain Clock EWOK, reading, Grw

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Neurotech reports

I just learned of a new resource to state abreast of developments in the field of Neurotechnology. Check out Neurotech Reports. Sign up for the free email newsletter.

Below is a "blurb" that describes the primary purpose of this service:

• Neurotechnology, the application of electronics and engineering to the human nervous system, has now reached a level of commercial and scientific maturity that will produce enormous benefits to patients and profits to investors. Hundreds of thousands of people have already been helped by neurostimulation products that restore hearing to the deaf, movement to the paralyzed, and
  relief to those with chronic pain or neurological disorders. Please join us as we monitor the growth of this new industry and track the progress from medical technology to commercial products.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neurotechnology, neuropsychology, brain

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Mental timing research buzz--4 Acta Psychologica articles

The journal Acta Psychologica recently published (or has "in press") a number of articles dealing with different aspects of mental/interval timing. Check out the following. The next revision of the IQ Brain Clock EWOK will includes these articles.

Warning....these are not lite reading.


Fortin et al (in press). Temporal order in memory and interval timing: An interference analysis (click here).

• Topics covered include (but are not limited to) the interference effect in time perception, the attention allocation model (which accounts for numerous research findings in time estimation research),as well as good summaries of the brain structures/locations involved in different aspects of the mental time-keeper model (e.g., the accumulator of the pacemaker accumulator model residing in the striatal structures). I found the introduction a good overview of some established findings in the mental time-keeping research. The primary empirical results of this study suggest that timing is especially dependent on resources also used in processing temporal order in memory.

Vatakis and Spence (in press). Evaluating the influence of the ‘unity assumption’ on the temporal perception of realistic audiovisual stimuli (click here)

• The primary focus of this investigation is on the "unity assumption" which the authors describe as the following -- "whenever two or more sensory inputs are highly consistent (in one or more dimension(s); such as time, space, temporal patterning, number, and semantic content), observers will be more likely to treat them as referring to the same underlying multisensory event rather than as referring to separate unimodal events. Consequently, observers will be more likely to assume that the sensory inputs have a common spatiotemporal origin, and hence will be more likely to bind them into a single unified percept."

Droit-Volet and Rattat (2007). A further analysis of time bisection behavior in children with and without reference memory: The similarity and the partition task (click here)

• If you have checked out the IQ Brain Clock EWOK, you will recognize the first author of this article....Droit-Volet, who has published consistently in this area of study. These investigators use the classic time bisection task. The bottom line conclusion--"the present study provides us with an insight into how children perform a temporal bisection task when compared with adults. It shows that, unlike in adults, the provision of referent durations improves children’s bisection performance by helping them to establish criterion duration. Indeed, our data suggest that children exhibit a variability both in the establishment of a criterion duration and in the encoding of time."

Ulbrich et al. (2007). Temporal reproduction: Further evidence for two processes (click here)

• In the mental time-keeping research it is often suggested that different mechanisms processing temporal intervals above and below 2-3 seconds (although the research results have been mixed). The results support the notion of two different processes. The authors concluded "our results are in accordance with the conceptual idea of Fraisse (1984) that differentiates between perception of duration (intervals up to 3s) and estimation of duration (intervals onger than 3 s). He suggests that shorter durations might be “perceived” as a unit.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, time perception, interval timing, mental time keeping, IQ brain clock, brain clock, temporal processing, intelligence, brain structures

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Random tidbits from the mind blogsphere - 5-31-07

• Check out the Brain Injury blog for a post regarding a possible link between Parkinson's disease and head trauma.
• Thanks again to the great DI blog for a post regarding the neural substrates of symbol use
• ENL blog has an interesting post on how video game training may increase visual span
• Thanks to Mind Hacks for the FYI re: a New York Times book review of a new book on neuroplasticity - the brain's ability to re-organize itself after neurological insult/brain injury.
• More on new books. The Neuroethics and Law Blog reports information regarding a new book (Intervening in the brain) on the emerging ethical issues surrounding our increased intervention in the brain via neurotechnology.
• Omni Brain highlights a recent study dealing with the impact of training executive function abilities in young children.

Technorati Tags: psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, educational psychology, brain injury, video games, Gv, visual-spatial, neurotechnology, executive function


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Wearable/portable brain scanner - put on my XMAS list

Thanks to Positive Technology Journal for the FYI post re: the trial development of a portable brain scanner that would allow people to keep tabs on their mental activity throughout the day. I'm not sure I want to know what my brain is doing all day long....but....heck ....it could fun and may have potential in the growing brain fitness movement.

Notice to family/friends......put this on my XMAS wish list

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, brain scan, Hitachi, brain fitness

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Meditation and cognitive efficiency

The BPS blog has an interesting post about improvements in cognitive efficiency via meditation.

Technorati Tags: psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, cognitive efficiency, attention, meditation, attentional blink


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Brain blogging carnival - 9th edition

The Ninth Edition of the Brain Blogging blog carnival is now available.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, brain, neurologiy, brain blogging, blog carnival


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MSNBC story on brain fitness

More popular press coverage of the entire brain fitness movement...check out story on MSNBC





Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, brain fitness, intelligence, IQ

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Bloggin lite again--on the road again

Regular readers will have noted the continued dip in my posting the past few weeks. I was in DC for a trip a few weeks ago, spent last week preparing for a week long work session in Chicago, and have been in Chicago working since this Monday...and will be here till Friday.

I simply can't find much time to blog. I promise to slowly get back up to speed next week. Enjoy your time away from reading my postings....although I might do some quick FYI posts during some parts of my working meetings where I'm not actively involved in the discussions.

I shall return.

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Brain fitness empirical evidence--call for evidence

There has been some interesting comments on this blog re: the evidence (or lack thereof) for the claims of various brain fitness programs. Therefore, I'd like to make a offer.

If anyone is aware of, or has access to, peer-referred journal articles that provide evidence for (or against) any brain fitness programs, please email them to me (iap@earthlink.net). I'll collect them and post them for review by readers.

Any takers?







Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, school psychology, brain fitness, neurotechnology, intelligence, IQ, cognition

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Timing post over at IQ's Corner

FYI cross-blog post. Check out post I just made at IQ's Corner regarding rapid auditory processing (timing based), auditory processing (Ga) as per the CHC theory of cognitive abilities, and the general internal brain clock research.

Brain fitness--Wikipedia

I was just doing a Google search and discovered that brain fitness is now included in Wikipedia.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, school psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, brain fitness, IQ enhancement, IQ, intelligence, cognition, aging

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Conflict of interest disclosure - Interactive Metronome

I guess the folks at Interactive Metronome (IM), who I have served as an independent consultant for re: a couple of research studies, must like what I'm doing at the IQ Brain Clock blog (click here to see my prior IM-related posts at this blog). They asked me (and I agreed) to serve as an Advisor on the IM Scientific Advisory Board. Thus, readers need to be aware of my new potential conflict of interest. I will typically make my potential IM conflict of interest overt when making IM-specific posts at this site (as well as my other blog and web page).

Encephalon brain carnival # 20 posted

Encephalon #20 has been posted/hosted by Neurontic.

Technorati Tags: psychology, educational psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognition, brain, Encephalon, brain carnival

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